Social Norms Of The Pledge Class Subculture - 1441 Words

Social Norms of the Pledge Class Subculture The norms of a social group vary depending on who the group consists of, what the group represents, when the group is together, where the group is located, and how large the group is. The norms of a culture are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members (Macionis 58). A subculture refers to cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population (Macionis 64). Here at Saint Francis University, sororities are a subculture of the campus’s society and inside that subculture the pledge class can be found. Each sorority represents a chapter, in turn each chapter is specific to a certain sorority. The chapter is a single branch of a specific national sorority that is represented at the campus. Each chapter is represented by Greek words and letters, for example Saint Francis University has six sororities on its campus. These sororities are Delta Phi Epsilon (ΔÎ ¦ÃŽâ€¢), Ga mma Sigma Sigma (ΓÎ £ÃŽ £), Omega Zeta Nu (ÃŽ ©ÃŽâ€"ÃŽ ), Phi Delta Kappa (ÃŽ ¦ÃŽâ€ÃŽÅ¡), Phi Lambda Psi (ÃŽ ¦ÃŽâ€ºÃŽ ¨), and Theta Phi Alpha (ΘÎ ¦ÃŽâ€˜). A sorority’s letters can be worn by each member of the sorority. Some sororities do not allow the new pledge class to wear their sorority’s letters until the girls are official members. Pledge week is a number of events that the pledges are required to attend to be initiated into the sorority officially. Initiation day is the day when all the pledges that have met the requirements and stayed withinShow MoreRelatedSociology Studies On Social And Institutions Of The Individual And Groups1170 Words   |  5 Pagesall aspects of society including social relationships and institutions of the individual and groups. Sociology studies social interactions, relationships, and culture. 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Protein Synthesis and Protein Degradation

Question: Discuss about the Protein Synthesis and Protein Degradation. Answer: Introduction: Protein turnover refers to the process by which protein synthesis and protein degradation is balanced. Selective process of protein turnover mediated by ubiquitin therefore refers to protein regulatory process that control degradation of some proteins in cell process. Ubiquitin is 76 amino acid regulatory protein that helps in controlling degradation of selected proteins during protein turnover. According to Tymoczko, Stryer Berg (2002) ubiquitination refers to the addition of ubiquitin to substrate that can signal degradation of the substrate. The following paper describe selective protein turnover of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of keratin in the intermediate filament protein. Degradation of keratin in the intermediate filament occurs through a series of steps that include activation and conjugation, Transesterification, ligation by ubiquitin ligase and Transfer to target protein via E3 to lysine residue intermediate filament protein. Firstly, ubiquitin is activated by ubiquitin activation enzyme E1 that is followed by conjugation of ubiquitin. Secondly, transesterification that involve transfer of ubiquitin to ubiquitin-enzyme E2. Thirdly, the E2 complex is then delivered to ubiquitin-ligase E3 substrate site in the intermediate filament proteins. Fourthly, the keratin protein is delivered via E3 to lysine residue in the intermediate filament protein (Harper Schulman, 2009). In the last step, ubiquitin binds to the lysine residue on the keratin through isopeptide bond. Ubiquitin therefore bind to target protein at different sites and to amino group at N-terminus. The overall result is cleavage of keratins bonds at different amino group and high energy is required in this process. The degradation of ubiquitin- substrate is done by 26S proteasome complex that at the end release reusable ubiquitin and free ubiquitin (Philpott Itzhaki, 2012). Reference Harper, W. Schulman A.(2009) Ubiquitin protein activation. Nature review molecular cell biology 12(5): p. 23-31 Philpott, A Itzhaki, L. (2012) Regulation and control of Proteins Degradation. Biology Open 1(13): p. 136-72 Tymoczko, J. Stryer L Berg, M. (2002) Biochemistry: Protein Turnover. New York : W H Freeman and company.

William Shakespeare Argumentative Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeare Argumentative Essay William Shakespeare wrote the play The Taming of the Shrew in the 1590s. In these times it was popular in Elizabethan England to ridicule Catholics. The Italian setting allows the playwright to snipe at Italian Catholics for comic effect. It is a comical play in contrast to a number of Shakespeares other works, which are classed as historical or tragedy. It is a story within a story. The background plot is about a drunken man who is made to believe he is a lord after being thrown out of the pub one night. The second and main story is about the shrew, Katherina. The label of a shrew is given to Katherina because she is constantly nagging and moaning at people in Padua. This connects her with a Shrew because these mammals make a sexual whining noise during the mating season. This is one of the many sexual innuendos we are given throughout the play, making it comical for both an Elizabethan and modern audience. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeare Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Katherina and Petruchio are newly married, which many characters find shocking as no-one appears to like Katherina. Now Katherina is married her perfect young sister Bianca is free to marry; the agreement with their father was that Katherina had to marry first. Bianca means white in Italian, which has connotations of innocence and purity.  Since the day of their marriage Petruchio has been acting in a strange fashion. Arriving at the wedding extremely late, on a donkey, dressed in rags was not the ideal way to charm his woman. Then he whisks a tired, hungry Katherina off to his home in Verona (miles from Padua) straight after the ceremony. While on route, Grumio has began to tell the other servants back at the house what Katherina is really like. Grumio tells Curtis of Katherinas violent ways Whose hand- she being now at hand- them shalt soon feel. This suggests that Grumio and the other servants are going to be struck by Katherinas wicked hands. The play is quite physical in nature, and violence is often used for comical purposes. Grumio warns the servants of her being in a rotten mood due to her falling from her horse getting very muddy and Petruchio not really showing a care in the world. So Petruchio and Katherina have returned home to Verona, with the servants expecting an unpleasant mistress to return with their master. The servants seem to be wrong, as the Petruchio they used to have a laugh and a joke with had changed, and this fierce woman was fine, in fact the fierce person was Petruchio. As soon as he walked through the door he was moaning; Where be these knaves? A starving Katherina is finally sat at the table ready to eat after her long tiring journey. The food is plated and brought to the table, appearing to be a lovely piece of mutton from Catherines point of view. However, from Petruchios twas burnt and dried away. It was fine but for some reason Petruchio is acting strangely and not allowing Katherina to eat. As the servant clears the meat, Petruchio trips him again making more work for the servants. He is killing her in her own humour (as noted by Peter). Basically Petruchio is doing to others what Katherina used to do to, allowing her to experience the consequences of such actions. Hes giving her a taste of her own medicine. Shakespeare uses juxtaposition here, with Petruchio being kind and considerate to Katherina while he is repeatedly being horrible to the servants. In the process of Petruchio being cruel to the servants, he is also depriving Katherina of vital wants and needs like sleep and food. The way Petruchio acts is unusual and Katherina doesnt seem to like it. She tries to protect the servants patience I pray you begging Petruchio to take it easy on his servants. Now Petruchio has gained power over the shrew, allowing her to appear kind but making her pray for his good will. .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b , .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .postImageUrl , .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b , .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:hover , .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:visited , .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:active { border:0!important; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:active , .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c711f521233a445a2b4b9e2eb99636b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello Shakespeare EssayDuring the next section of the play we are given an insight into Petruchios strange ways during a soliloquy. Petruchio reveals to us that he is trying to man his haggard, by trying to tame his wild hawk (Katherina). He refers to His falcon is now passing sharp and empty, which again links his wife to animals. In the Elizabethan chain of being, animals were below the level of humans. He is sort of suggesting she is at the bottom of the natural order acting like an animal and needs to be taught how to become a proper human at the top end of the scale. Petruchio is trying to confuse Katherina and in doing so is making her obey patriarchal society, whe re she needs to obey Petruchio at all times. Also as a soliloquy is just between Petruchio and the audience, it creates dramatic irony. The servants have no idea that Petruchio is trying to do this to tame Katherina. They simply think that their master has changed. One reason I can think for Petruchio not revealing his plan to the servants, is so it looks more realistic. He doesnt want all the servants to be playing along and make it look like a setup. The fact the servants do not know Petruchios plans adds to the comic effect of the scene. The newly married couples are reunited for a big feast for Lucentio and Biancas celebration. Katherina, is still being thought of as a shrew from her previous time in Padua, and the other wives continue joking about Katherinas shrewish behaviour: Your husband being troubled with a shrew. The widow displays an aggressive nature, daring to argue with the male characters by passing judgement on them. Bianca also reveals a rude and abusive side to her character again questioning the men like the widow. This is a contrast to her supposedly being pure. I mean to shift my bush. Her language has sexual connotations. The women are tested to see their obedience to their husbands and for once Katherina has come out as the most obedient, the most tamed. She came straight to her master unlike the other two mistresses. Love, fair looks true obedience. Katherina has just proved to the other couples that she is now playing the correct role of a wife. Loving and willing to adhere to her husbands every need. As if Katherina hasnt proved herself enough, she goes and rubs salt into the other womens wounded pride my mind hath been as big as one of yours. This acknowledges she has previously acted as a misguided shrew but has since changed her act.  I believe Petruchio has tamed Katherina. Initially I didnt believe he had managed and thought she was just putting on an act in front of her new household, but when she acknowledges her behaviour (in her final speech) I believe she has changed. All the effort Petruchios put in throughout the play had paid off and he finally tamed the shrew.

USS New Mexico (BB-40) during World War II

USS New Mexico (BB-40) during World War II USS New Mexico (BB-40) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Battleship Shipyard:  New York  Navy Yard Laid Down:  October 14, 1915 Launched:  April 13, 1917 Commissioned:  May 20, 1918 Fate:  Sold for scrap, 1947 USS New Mexico  (BB-40) - Specifications (as built) Displacement:  32,000 tons Length:  624  ft. Beam:  97  ft. Draft:  30 ft. Propulsion:  Electric drive turbines turning 4 propellers Speed:  21  knots Complement:  1,084  men Armament 12  Ãƒâ€" 14 in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 3)14 Ãâ€" 5 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes USS New Mexico (BB-40) - Design Construction: After commencing construction of five classes of dreadnought battleships (, , , Wyoming, and New York), the US Navy concluded that future designs should utilize a set of common tactical and operational characteristics.   This would allow these ships to operate together in combat and would simplify logistics.   Designated the Standard-type, the next five classes made use of oil-fired boilers instead of coal, eliminated amidships turrets, and utilized an â€Å"all or nothing† armor scheme.   Among these alterations, the change to oil was made with the goal of increasing the vessel’s range as the US Navy felt that this would be required in any future naval conflict with Japan.   The new all or nothing armor arrangement called for key areas of the ship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less vital spaces were left unarmored.   Also, Standard-type battleships were to have a minimum top speed of 21 knots and a tactical turn radius of 7 00 yards.   The concepts of the Standard-type were first employed in the Nevada- and Pennsylvania-classes.   As a follow-on to the latter, the New Mexico-class originally was conceived as the US Navys first class to mount 16 guns.   Due to arguments over designs and rising costs, the Secretary of the Navy elected forgo using the new guns and directed that the new type replicate the Pennsylvania-class with only minor modifications.   As a result, the three ships of the New Mexico-class, USS New Mexico (BB-40), USS Mississippi (BB-41), and USS Idaho (BB-42), each mounted a main armament consisting of twelve 14 guns placed in four triple turrets.   These were supported by a secondary battery of fourteen 5 guns.   In an experiment, New Mexico received a turbo-electric transmission as part of its power plant while the other two vessels used more traditional geared turbines.      Ã‚        Ã‚   Assigned to the New York Navy Yard, work on New Mexico began on October 14, 1915.   Construction advanced over the next year and a half and on April 13, 1917, the new battleship slid into the water with Margaret Cabeza De Baca, daughter of the late Governor of New Mexico, Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca, serving as sponsor.   Launched a week after the United States entered World War I, work moved forward over the next year to complete the vessel.   Finished a year later, New Mexico entered commission on May 20, 1918, with Captain Ashley H. Robertson in command. USS New Mexico (BB-40) - Interwar Service: Conducting initial training through the summer and fall,  New Mexico  departed home waters in January 1919 to escort President Woodrow Wilson, aboard the liner  George Washington, back from the Versailles peace conference.   Completing this voyage in February, the battleship received orders to join the Pacific Fleet as flagship five months later.   Transiting the Panama Canal,  New Mexico  reached San Pedro, CA on August 9.   The next dozen years saw the battleship move through routine peacetime exercises and various fleet maneuvers.   Some of these required New Mexico  operate in conjunction with elements of the Atlantic Fleet.   A highlight of this period was a long-distance training cruise to New Zealand and Australia in 1925.    In March 1931,  New Mexico  entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard for an extensive modernization.   This saw the replacement of the turbo-electric drive with conventional geared turbines, the addition of eight 5 anti-aircraft guns, as well as major alterations to the ships superstructure.   Completed in January 1933,  New Mexico  departed Philadelphia and returned to the Pacific Fleet.   Operating in the Pacific, the battleship remained there and in December 1940 was ordered to shift its home port to Pearl Harbor.   That May,  New Mexico  received orders to transfer to the Atlantic for service with the Neutrality Patrol.   Joining this force, the battleship worked to protect shipping in the western Atlantic from German U-boats. USS New Mexico (BB-40) - World War II: Three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor and American entry into World War II,  New Mexico  accidentally  collided with and sank the freighter SS  Oregon  while steaming south of Nantucket Lightship.   Proceeding on to Hampton Roads, the battleship entered the yard and had alterations made to its anti-aircraft armament.   Departing that summer,  New Mexico passed through the Panama Canal and stopped at San Francisco en route to Hawaii.   In December, the battleship escorted transports to Fiji before shifting to patrol duty in the southwest Pacific.   Returning to Pearl Harbor in March 1943,  New Mexico  trained in preparation for the campaign in the Aleutian Islands.    Steaming north in May,  New Mexico arrived at Adak on the 17th.   In July, it took part in the bombardment of Kiska and aided in forcing the Japanese to evacuate the island.   With the successful conclusion of the campaign,  New Mexico  underwent a refit at Puget Sound Navy Yard prior to returning to Pearl Harbor.   Reaching Hawaii in October, it began training for the landings in the Gilbert Islands.   Sailing with the invasion force,  New Mexico  provided fire support for American troops during the Battle of Makin Island on November 20-24.   Sortieing in January 1944, the battleship took part in the fighting in the Marshall Islands including the landings on Kwajalein.   Rearming at Majuro, New Mexico then steamed north to strike Wotje before turning south to attack Kavieng, New Ireland.   Proceeding on to Sydney, it made a port call prior to commencing training in the Solomon Islands.      Ã‚      This complete, New Mexico moved north to participate in the Marianas Campaign.   Bombarding Tinian (June 14), Saipan (June 15), and Guam (June 16), the battleship defeated air attacks on June 18 and guarded American transports during the Battle of the Philippine Sea.   After spending the beginning of July in an escort role, New Mexico provided naval gunfire support for the liberation of Guam on July 12-30.   Returning to Puget Sound, it underwent an overhaul from August to October.   Complete, New Mexico proceeded to the Philippines where it protected Allied shipping.   In December, it aided in the landings on Mindoro before joining the bombardment force for an attack on Luzon the following month.   While firing as part of the pre-invasion bombardment at Lingayen Gulf on January 6, New Mexico sustained damage when a kamikaze struck the battleships bridge.   The hit killed 31, including the battleships commanding officer, Captain Robert W. Fleming. USS New Mexico (BB-40) - Final Actions: Despite this damage, New Mexico stayed in the vicinity and supported the landings three days later.   Quickly repaired at Pearl Harbor, the battleship returned to action in late March and aided in bombarding Okinawa.   Commencing fire on March 26, New Mexico engaged targets ashore until April 17.   Remaining in the area, it fired on targets later in April and on May 11 sunk eight Japanese suicide boats.   The following day, New Mexico came under attack from kamikazes.   One struck the ship and another succeeded in scoring a bomb hit.   The combined damage saw 54 killed and 119 wounded.    Ordered to Leyte for repairs, New Mexico then began training for the invasion of Japan.   Operating in this capacity near Saipan, it learned of the wars end on August 15.   Joining the occupation force off Okinawa, New Mexico steamed north and arrived in Tokyo Bay on August 28.   The battleship was present when the Japanese formally surrendered aboard USS Missouri (BB-63). Ordered back to the United States, New Mexico ultimately arrived at Boston on October 17.   An older ship, it was decommissioned the following year on July 19 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on February 25, 1947.   On November 9, the US Navy sold New Mexico for scrap to the Lipsett Division of Luria Brothers.   Towed to Newark, NJ, the battleship was a centerpiece of a dispute between the city and Lipsett as the former did not wish to have additional ships scrapped on its waterfront.   The dispute eventually was resolved and work began on New Mexico later in the month.   By July 1948, the ship was completely dismantled. Selected Sources: DANFS: USS  New Mexico  (BB-40)NHHC: USS  New Mexico  (BB-40)USS  New Mexico  (BB-40)

Compare the ideas of Carl Sauer in his specific idelogical view Essay

Compare the ideas of Carl Sauer in his specific idelogical view Thinking Geographically Space theory and contemporary human geography Hubbard Kitchin et al to - Essay Example Thus, Sauer helped to establish many of the academic structures of present day geographical studies as well as link the importance of all of these studies in an effort to achieve better understanding among students in sharp contrast from the rather unschooled, strictly physical approaches to the science that had gone before him. In bringing forth these ideas, Sauer differed greatly from his predecessors, such as David Livingstone, who explored geography on a purely physical plain. Livingstone conducted his explorations during what is considered the new imperial age of exploration in which was seen great expansion of territories and ideas. In his world, the goals of exploration were quite different from the academic pursuits for understanding of Sauer’s time, serving to validate European held beliefs that expounded the idea of an organized universe and serving to claim new lands for God and crown. Based on their ideas of universal hierarchy, which was further supported by the ideas of Social Darwinism, it was believed the cultures of Europe had seen much higher advancement than those of Africa. Rather than seeking to learn about the cultures and people they came across, Livingstone and others sought instead to convert them, saving their souls and teaching them the ‘right’ way to live, the reby losing much of the advantages to interaction, in terms of information regarding the physical landscape as well as a means of learning about their ancient stories and cultures. Modern geographers such as Harry Kitchen, on the other hand, have taken to segregating their studies into various fields such as economics and physical geography, but yet have continued to draw out the linkages between these fields. In writing about the geography of Canada, Kitchen is careful to enumerate the physical geography of the provinces as well as the economic challenges this

Ethics and Diversity in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics and Diversity in Policing - Essay Example e ethical rules related to his/ her job, as these rules are incorporated into the relevant code of conduct, b) non-controllable factors; shooting a civilian by accident while participating in an operation against a burglary can be an example of such case, c) personal factors, such as consumption of alcohol while in-duty and d) failure in evaluating a case appropriately (U.S. Department of Justice 2007, p.22). The above problem could be effectively faced through the following measures: a) training programs focusing on the codes of conduct and ethics should be introduced in each police department, b) a phone-line operating 24hrs/7 could be established for supporting police officers when performing their job, c) in each police station a control mechanism would be created for checking the cases of misconduct of police officers. Among the rules including in the police codes of conduct there are certain that are quite difficult, either because of the conditions of work, such as those focusing on the behavior of police officers working within prisons, or because of the police sub-culture, such as those regulating the duties of police officers working in departments controlling police corruption. McCall, D. (2011) â€Å"Ethical and Effective Policing.† US Department of State, Vol 15, No 10, pp.1-28. Retrieved from http://photos.state.gov/libraries/amgov/133183/publications/Ethical%20Policing_041311.pdf U.S. Department of Justice (2007) â€Å"Building Trust Between the Police and the Citizens They Serve.† Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, pp.1-132. Retrieved from http://www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/buildingtrust.pdf U.S. Department of Justice (2000). â€Å"Laws enforced by the Department of Justice in maintaining integrity for federal officers.† Organizational Report, pp. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/Pubs/polmis.pdf The police sub-culture is characterized by certain ethical issues, such as: a) a police officer has ‘to control the

Feminism in the Handmaids Tale Essay Example for Free

Feminism in the Handmaids Tale Essay Some would argue that Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is a book that pulls its ideas and beliefs about women and their place in society from the Bible. But based upon the novel, the Bible, and some writings by Christian writers, that is true, but highly skewed. Let’s begin by taking a look at how society is setup in The Handmaid’s Tale so we can have a clear understanding where the author is coming from. The whole premise is that women have lost all power, freedom, choice, and equality and are instead deemed either suitable for slave/maid type work or bearing children. Girls are taken to Rachel and Leah Re-education center, or the red center, as the girls living there knew it, and â€Å"indoctrinated† or brainwashed into the ideologies of the government and taught that their only role is to conceive children. They are also told that the structure of this society (Gilead) is better for women, more respectful and safe. Offred, the main character in the novel has a very monotonous and strict routine everyday that consists of shopping for the commander, the man of the house, and visiting the doctor frequently to be checked, and then undergo the ceremony. This ceremony is the emotionless, speechless sex that she has with commander in order to bear children because of the sudden drop in reproduction in the past society. Now that we have the groundwork laid, lets look at a couple ways they skew the role of women from what it is meant to be according to the Bible. The ceremony that they participate in includes reading from the Bible before engaging in sex. The only problem with that whole idea, is that they only read a small passage of one book every time, that speaks about a barren women urging her husband to lie with her servant so they may have a child. The problem with this is that it’s taken completely out of context. The backstory to Rachel, the barren woman, is that Jacob was supposed to be married to her after working for her father for seven years, but instead Laban, the father, gives his older daughter Leah to lie with Jacob. When he discovers he was tricked he tells Laban he will work another seven years if he can have Rachel as his wife. Because God saw that Rachel was much more loved than Leah, he made Rachel barren and blessed Leah with four children. This is why Rachel asked Jacob to lie with a servant girl; she was envious of her sister Leah (The Holy Bible ESV, Gen. 29-30). The way it is portrayed in the novel is just as a source of reason. The commander and the government need a way to convince women of society that what they are doing is good and it is what they are designed to do. The Bible also speaks in Genesis how man and woman were created in God’s image and how both are equally valuable. Women in Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale are not at all treated equal. Wayne Grudem says it well in his book Bible Doctrine, †¦and Paul emphasizes, â€Å"In the Lord, woman is not independent of man nor man of woman; for woman was made from man, so now man is born of woman† Both men and women are equally important; both depend on each; both are worthy of honor† (201). This quote really shows how incorrect the society of Gilead has interpreted the Bible and also how poorly they have viewed women. They claim the safest way to protect the women is to restrict all their rights and give them the opportunity of one of three positions in society, which of those three, they do not even get to select. There are few instances in the novel that represent love, affection, or care; and this would be in the previous world and then between Offred and Nick and even that is a lot of physical affection more than true love. The Bible clearly states in Ephesians 5, â€Å"Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her In the same way husbands should love their wives as their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. For no one ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, just as Christ does the church† (Eph. 5). This whole idea is nowhere near represented in The Handmaid’s Tale. The commander is married to the wife almost as a status. He has total authority over her and because she is barren they do not even sleep together. To bare child, he lies with the Handmaid, and to have pleasure, he visits Jezebels, which is a strip club. Which brings up another point in which prostitution and pornography were two of the major staples in the State’s philosophy of keeping women protected, yet they still have clubs that the men visit to enjoy themselves. Some may argue that there is biblical text to support everything that was done, such as Titus 2:5, which states â€Å"†¦women are to be submissive to their own husbands† (Titus. 2. ). This verse is said amongst many other actions women should portray towards their husbands, but it is originally meant, all out of love for their husband and ultimately for their love of Christ. Gilead believes having authority over everyone’s lives and particularly complete control of women. This just one more example of the misconstrued biblical reference portrayed how they see fit. This whole concept of people pulling verses out of context and twisting them to what they want is why so many people have a hard time believing in the truth. It has been so misinterpreted to what people want to believe or how people want others to believe. Gilead’s focus is on reproduction, order, control, and power. They have just found a way to use religion as a tool for their own plans, and in doing so have butchered the entire meaning of the device they are using. One more example of this is through other biblical references in the language. The entire book uses a variety of religious or Biblical language which includes but is not limited to: soldiers being called angels, the domestic servants are called Marthas, the store Milk and Honey, and even vehicles carry religious terms such as behemoth or chariot. These terms are used to help solidify the State’s justification for their actions. Using Biblical terms allows them to continue to preach that everything they do is to protect and serve according to the Bible. Again the problem is that they pull what they want from context and don’t use it according to how the original author intended it for the original audience, or how God meant for us to live. Margaret Atwood wrote a great novel describing what life could be like; if suddenly all women were subject to men’s rule and forced to live under such rigid conditions due to society’s prior downturn. Although the basis of Gilead, and it’s ideas and beliefs were high misinterpreted passages and references of biblical text. As previously stated, if someone is going to use biblical and historical references to support a cause or form a governing society, they must have the facts straight. This means using them in context, and for the original intended purpose. Not changing them or falsifying them to fit your ideas and beliefs.